Nikolai Fedorovich was born in 1908 in Samara into a large family of a railway worker. He started working at the age of 14: first as a newspaper delivery boy, then as an assistant cameraman in the workshop of the Samara newsreel studio, where his path to journalism began. The cameramen taught Nikolai Fedorovich to operate a camera, which he bought with the first money he made. Since 1927, he began to receive assignments for independent shooting, and N.F. Finikov's photographs appeared in regional newspapers.
By the beginning of the Great Patriotic War N.F. Finikov was already a staff member of the newspaper ‘Krasnoarmeyets’ (eng. – Red Army man) of the Volga Military District. In June 1941, just two days after the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, Nikolai Fedorovich went to the front to the disposition of the 21st military district as a member of the editorial personnel of the Volga Military District newspaper ‘Krasnoarmeyets’, which was called ‘Boevoy Natisk’ (eng. - Combat onslaught) at the front.
Nikolai Fyodorovich took pictures not only for Boevoy Natisk. At the same time, he was a military photo journalist of the TASS photo newsreel, his frontline photos were printed in newspapers of different fronts and central editions.
Nikolai Finikov, who was inseparable from the FED*, captured everything he could see: burned villages with women peeking timidly out of their shelters, inconsolable old people on the ashes of their home grounds, blown up churches, the battlefield in Stalingrad, a shot down Nazi airplane, German captives tangled in rags. He took many group shots and portraits of the soldiers.